History reveals that Judicial Department was created as an independent Department together with Revenue and General Department under Assam Secretariat in the year1874, headed by B.N.Rau as Legal Remembrancer who was also the Constitutional Adviser of the Drafting Committee of Indian Constitution and thereafter a Judge of International Court of Justice. Judicial Department has also the glorious history of being headed by Fakaruddin Ali Ahmed, as Legal Remembrancer who later became the President of India. Apart from the above, another notable legal luminary who headed this department as Legal Remembrancer was B.L.Hanasaria, later Judge of the Supreme Court. In 1976, as separate Judicial Department was created by bifurcating the Law Department into Judicial and Legislative Departments.

The business of the Judicial Department is transacted by the following :

Judicial Department is responsible for over all Administration of Justice in the state. It acts as the Administrative Department of Government of Assam in the sector of Administration of Justice, apart from advising the Government on such legal issues as may be referred to it by other Administrative Departments.